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1 product invention
марк. изобретение новинки (стратегия международного маркетинга, при которой фирма создает новые продукты или услуги для зарубежных рынков)See: -
2 product invention
Реклама: изобретение новинки -
3 product
сущ.1)а) эк. продукт, изделие, товар (предмет, созданный человеком, машиной или природой; чаще всего имеются в виду предметы, созданные с целью продажи); мн. продукцияfood products — продукты, продовольственные товары
high-quality product — товар высокого качества, высококачественный [первоклассный\] товар
premium quality [premium grade\] product — товар высшего сорта [качества\], товар класса премиум-класса
undiscounted products — товары, продаваемые без скидки
fairly-priced product — товар по приемлемой [справедливой\] цене
See:acceptable product, accessory product, actual product, adulterated product, advanced technology products, ageing product, agricultural product, alimentary products, allied products, all-meat product, alternative products, ancillary product, anonymous product, augmented product, bakery products 1), basic product, beauty product, best-selling product, business products, by-product 1), &3, capitalized product, captive product, characteristic product, 2), co-product, commercialized product, commodity product, common product, comparable products, competing products, competiting products, competitive product, competitive products, complementary products, complete product, complicated product, conforming product, consumer products, consumer durable product, convenience products, core product, crop products, custom-designed product, customized product, custom-made product, declining product, deficient product, dehydrated product, differentiated product, diminishing marginal product, disposable product, diversified products, DIY product, do-it-yourself product, domestic product, durable products, egg product, electronics products, end product 2), &3, energy-saving product, entrenched product, essential product, established product, ethical product, ethnic product, everyday product, exclusive product, export products, fair trade product, fairly traded product, fairtrade product, fighting product, final product 1), а&2, financial product, food products, foreign products, formal product, functional product, generic product, global product, green products, grooming product, hair-care product, half-finished product, harmful product, health product, hedonic product, heterogeneous product, high performance product, high quality product, high-interest product 1), high-involvement products, high-margin product, high-reliability product, high-risk product, high-tech product, high-turnover product, high-value product, home-grown product, home-produced product, homogeneous product, hot product, household cleaning product, household maintenance products, household product, hygiene product, imitative product, imperfect product, import products, import-sensitive products, impulse product, industrial product, inferior product, information product, innovative product, in-process product, intangible product, interlocking products, intermediate product, investigated product, joint product, key product, knowledge-intensive product, known product, laundry products, lead product, leading edge product, leisure products, leisure-time products, licensed product, line extension product, livestock product, low-interest product 1), low-involvement products, low-value product, luxury product, main product 2), &3, manufactured products, marginal physical product, marginal product, mature product, me-too product, metal product, misbranded product, multinational product, multiple-use product 2), mundane product, national product, necessary product, necessity product, new product, no-name product, nonconforming product, non-conforming product, non-durable products, nonfood products, non-standard product, novel product, office products, off-price product, off-standard product, oil products, one-shot product, optional product, over-engineered product, paper products, parity products, patentable product, patented product, patent-protected product, payment product, pension product, pharmaceutical product, physical product, plant products, potential product, premium product, prestige products, price-sensitive product, primary products, prime product, printed products, private brand products, private label products, processed product, qualified product, quality products, ready-made product, rejected product, related product, replacement product, representative product, retirement product, revenue product, revised product, safe product, saleable product, salutary product, satisfactory product, scarce product, second generation product, secondary product, semi-finished products, shoddy product, sideline product, single-use product, skill-intensive product, slow-moving product, social product, sophisticated product, standardized products, sugared product, superior product, supplementary products, surplus product, synthetic product, tainted products, tangible product, tied product, tied products, tinned products, tobacco products 1), tying products, unacceptable product, unbranded product, unidentified product, unpatented product, unsafe product, unsaleable product, unsatisfactory product, utilitarian product, vendible product, viable product, wanted product, well-designed product, worthwhile product, product acceptability, product acceptance, product adaptability, product adaptation, product addition, product advertising, product analysis, product announcement, product application, product area, product arsenal, product assessment, product association, product assortment, product assurance, product augmentation, product availability, product awareness, product benefit, product billing, product brand, product branding, product bundling, product capabilities, product category, product choice, product claim, product class, product classification, product company, product compatibility, product competition, product comprehension, product concept, product conception, product control, product copy, product cost, product costing, product coverage, product cycle, product decision, product deletion, product demand, product demonstration, product departmentalization, product design, product development, product differences, product differentiation, product display, product distribution network, product diversification, product division, product element, product elimination, product engineering, product enhancement, product evaluation, product evolution, product exchange, product exhaustion, product expansion, product extension, product failure, product family, product field, product flows, product form, product graduation, product group, product homogeneity, product idea, product image, product improvement, product inflation, product innovation, product inspection, product integrity, product introduction, product invention, product item, product knowledge, product label, product labelling, product layout, product leveraging, product liability, product life, product life cycle, product line, product lineup, product literature, product management, product manager, product manual, product market, product marketing, product matching, product message, product mix, product modification, product name, product nameplate, product offering, product opportunity, product organization, product orientation, product origin, product patent, product perception, product performance, product personality, product placement, product plan, product planner, product planning, product policy, product portfolio, product position, product positioning, product preference, product presentation, product price, product pricing, product profile, product proliferation, product promotion, product proof, product protection, product publicity, product puffery, product quality, product quantity, product range, product rationalization, product recall, product release, product requirements, product research, product research and development, product retailer, product revision, product revolution, product safety, product sales, product sample, product sampling, product satisfaction, product segment, product segmentation, product shortage, product specialization, product specifications, product standard, product statement, product strategy, product structure, product style, product styling, product subline, product superiority, product survey, product tangibility, product team, product technology, product test, product testimony, product testing, product trial, product type, product uniformity, product usage, product validation, product variation, product variety, product warranty, endorse a product, Central Product Classification, Certificate of Pharmaceutical Product, Chemical and Allied Products Merchant Wholesalers, Clay Product and Refractory Manufacturing, debt-for-products swapб) эк. продукт, объем продукции ( количество произведенных товаров или услуг)company's product — продукция компании, товары компании
See:2) общ. результат, продукт (итог какой-л. деятельности)History is the product of social and economic forces. — История — это результат взаимодействия общественных и экономических факторов.
the product of this activity is radiation — в результате этой деятельности появляется радиация.
See:3) мат. произведение ( результат умножения двух чисел)
* * *
продукт, товар: что-либо производимое для продажи.* * ** * *. . Словарь экономических терминов .* * * -
4 Invention
Although we have taken no voyage comparable to Darwin's it seems to us that the variety of human inventions seems in its own way as overwhelming and inexplicable as the infinite variety of life forms that Darwin saw. (Feldman, 1980, p. 36)he sudden inventions characteristic of the sixth stage [of infant development] are in reality the product of a long evolution of schemata and not only of an internal maturation of perceptive structures.... This is revealed by the existence of a fifth stage, characterized by experimental groping.... What does this mean if not that the practice of actual experience is necessary in order to acquire the practice of mental experience and that invention does not arise entirely preformed despite appearances? (Piaget, 1952, p. 348)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Invention
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5 PRODUCT PERFORMANCE
Характеристики продукта
Аспект функционирования рынка, касающийся качества и эксплуатационных характеристик производимой фирмой продукции, а также достижений фирмы в области разработки новых продуктов. Продвижение на рынок новых товаров и улучшение качества производимой продукции способствует повышению благосостояния потребителей, т.к. у них появляется возможность приобретать на свои средства продукт более высокого качества. См. также Product differentiation, Technological progressiveness, Invention, Innovation, Research and development, Product life-cycle.Новый англо-русский словарь-справочник. Экономика. > PRODUCT PERFORMANCE
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6 backward invention
марк. упрощенная новинка* (вид стратегии международного маркетинга, при которой фирма производит упрощенные формы своих продуктов для продажи их в развивающихся и слаборазвитых странах)Ant:See: -
7 forward invention
марк. усложненная новинка* (вид стратегии международного маркетинга, при которой фирма производит более сложные формы своих продуктов для продажи их в развитых, прогрессивных странах)Ant:See: -
8 tout
[taʊt] I1) BE (selling tickets) bagarino m.2) comm. spreg. (soliciting custom) imbonitore m. (-trice)3) (in horseracing) = chi vende informazioni sui cavalli concorrentiII 1.1) [ street merchant] imbonire3) (publicize) pubblicizzare, reclamizzare [product, invention]2.* * *(to go about in search of buyers, jobs, support, votes etc: The taxi-driver drove around touting for custom.) (andare in cerca di clienti)* * *[taʊt]1. n(for hotels) procacciatore m di clienti, Brit, (also: ticket tout) bagarino, Racing portaquote m inv2. vito tout for business — raccogliere ordinazioni, (for hotels) procacciare clienti
3. vthe is being touted as the greatest living singer — lo stanno facendo passare come il miglior cantante vivente
* * *tout /taʊt/n.3 propagandista; piazzista.(to) tout /taʊt/A v. i.1 (comm.) andare in cerca di clienti; sollecitare ordinazioni; fare il propagandista (o il piazzista)B v. t.2 pubblicizzare; reclamizzare: This hotel is touted as the best in town, questo albergo viene reclamizzato come il migliore della città● (comm.) to tout for orders, sollecitare ordinazioni □ (polit.) to tout for votes, andare in cerca di voti.* * *[taʊt] I1) BE (selling tickets) bagarino m.2) comm. spreg. (soliciting custom) imbonitore m. (-trice)3) (in horseracing) = chi vende informazioni sui cavalli concorrentiII 1.1) [ street merchant] imbonire3) (publicize) pubblicizzare, reclamizzare [product, invention]2. -
9 click
klik
1. noun(a short, sharp sound, like that of a light-switch being turned on: the click of the camera.) clic
2. verb(to (cause to) make such a sound: The soldier clicked his heels together; The gate clicked.) hacer clicclick1 n clicclick2 vb hacer clictr[klɪk]1 (tongue, fingers) chasquear1 (make noise) hacer clic2 (understand, relize) caer en la cuenta, darse cuenta de■ it finally clicked that she'd left him for good finalmente se dio cuenta de que lo había dejado para siempre3 (become friendly) congeniar; (become popular) tener éxito\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLto click into place figurative use encajarto click one's heels taconearclick ['klɪk] vt: chasquear (la lengua, los dedos)click vi1) : chasquear2) succeed: tener éxito3) get along: congeniar, llevarse bienclick n: chasquido mn.• clic s.m.• golpecito s.m.• piñoneo s.m.• taconeo s.m.• tecleo s.m.v.• castañetear v.• chascar v.• clicar (Informática) v.• hacer clic (Informática) v.• piñonear v.• pulsar (la tecla del ratón para marcar) v.
I
1. klɪktransitive verb \<\<fingers\>\> chasquear, tronar* (Méx); \<\<tongue\>\> chasquearto click one's heels — dar* un taconazo
2.
vi1) ( make clicking sound) hacer* un ruidito seco, hacer* `clic'it clicks into place — encaja en su lugar haciendo `clic'
2) (colloq)a) ( strike home)it suddenly clicked:... — de repente caí en la cuenta or lo vi todo claro:...
b) ( relate well) congeniarwe just clicked — congeniamos or nos entendimos desde un principio
c) ( succeed) (esp AmE) tener* éxito
II
noun (sound - of fingers, tongue) chasquido m; (- of heels) taconazo m; (- of camera, switch) clic m[klɪk]1.N [of camera etc] golpecito m seco, clic m ; [of heels] taconeo m ; [of tongue] chasquido m ; [of gun] piñoneo m ; [of typewriter etc] tecleo m2.VT [+ tongue] chasquear; (Comput) hacer click en3. VI1) [camera etc] hacer clic; [gun] piñonear; [typewriter etc] teclear2) * (=be understood) quedar claro(-a)it didn't click with me until... — no caí en la cuenta hasta (que)...
suddenly it all clicked (into place) — de pronto, todo encajaba (en su sitio)
3) * (=be a success) [product, invention] ser un éxito; [two people] congeniar, gustarse inmediatamenteto click with sb — congeniar or conectar con algn
4) (Comput) hacer click* * *
I
1. [klɪk]transitive verb \<\<fingers\>\> chasquear, tronar* (Méx); \<\<tongue\>\> chasquearto click one's heels — dar* un taconazo
2.
vi1) ( make clicking sound) hacer* un ruidito seco, hacer* `clic'it clicks into place — encaja en su lugar haciendo `clic'
2) (colloq)a) ( strike home)it suddenly clicked:... — de repente caí en la cuenta or lo vi todo claro:...
b) ( relate well) congeniarwe just clicked — congeniamos or nos entendimos desde un principio
c) ( succeed) (esp AmE) tener* éxito
II
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10 tout
tout [taʊt]1. noun• the taxi drivers were touting for the hotels les chauffeurs de taxi racolaient des clients pour les hôtels* * *[taʊt] 1.1) GB ( selling tickets) revendeur m de billets au marché noir2) Commerce ( soliciting custom) racoleur/-euse (colloq) m/f pej3) ( racing) vendeur m de tuyaux2.transitive verb1) [street seller] vendre (en faisant du boniment)2) GB ( illegally) revendre [quelque chose] au marché noir [tickets]3) ( publicize) vanter les mérites de [product, invention]3.to tout for business — racoler (colloq) la clientèle
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11 tout
A n3 Turf vendeur m de tuyaux.B vtr1 [street merchant] vendre (en faisant du boniment) ;3 ( publicize loudly) vanter les mérites de [product, invention] ; claironner [good results] ; much touted tant vanté.C vi ( solicit) racoler ○ pej ; to tout for business racoler ○ la clientèle ; to tout for votes racoler ○ des électeurs. -
12 hail
hail [heɪl]1 noun(a) Meteorology grêle f; figurative (of stones) grêle f, pluie f; (of abuse) avalanche f, déluge m; (of blows) grêle f;∎ he died in a hail of bullets il est tombé sous une pluie de balles∎ within hail à portée de voixMeteorology grêler;∎ it's hailing il grêle(a) (call → taxi, ship, person) héler;∎ within hailing distance à portée de voix(b) (greet → person) acclamer, saluer(c) (acclaim → person, new product, invention etc) acclamer, saluer;∎ her book has been hailed as the most significant new novel this year son livre a été acclamé comme le nouveau roman le plus marquant de cette année;∎ the plan was hailed as the solution to their problems le projet a été salué comme la solution à tous leurs problèmes;∎ to hail sb emperor proclamer qn empereur∎ to hail blows on sb faire pleuvoir les coups sur qn;∎ to hail insults on sb accabler qn d'injuresarchaic salut à vous ou toi;∎ hail, Caesar! Ave César!;∎ hail, Mary, full of grace je te salue, Marie, pleine de grâce∎ say five Hail Marys vous direz cinq Je vous salue Marie ou cinq Ave (Maria);∎ figurative to throw a Hail Mary pass tenter sa chance(blows, stones etc) pleuvoir;∎ blows/rocks were hailing down on us des coups/pierres nous pleuvaient dessus;∎ criticism hailed down on him il a subi une avalanche ou un déluge de critiques∎ they hailed insults down on the President ils ont déversé un flot d'insultes à l'intention du président;∎ literary to hail down curses on sb déverser un déluge de malédictions sur qn(of ship) être en provenance de; (of person) venir de, être originaire de; -
13 Macintosh, Charles
[br]b. 29 December 1766 Glasgow, Scotlandd. 25 July 1843 Dunchattan, near Glasgow, Scotland[br]Scottish inventor of rubberized waterproof clothing.[br]As the son of the well-known and inventive dyer George Macintosh, Charles had an early interest in chemistry. At the age of 19 he gave up his work as a clerk with a Glasgow merchant to manufacture sal ammoniac (ammonium chloride) and developed new processes in dyeing. In 1797 he started the first Scottish alum works, finding the alum in waste shale from coal mines. His first works was at Hurlet, Renfrewshire, and was followed later by others. He then formed a partnership with Charles Tennant, the proprietor of a chemical works at St Rollox, near Glasgow, and sold "lime bleaching liquor" made with chlorine and milk of lime from their bleach works at Darnley. A year later the use of dry lime to make bleaching powder, a process worked out by Macintosh, was patented. Macintosh remained associated with Tennant's St Rollox chemical works until 1814. During this time, in 1809, he had set up a yeast factory, but it failed because of opposition from the London brewers.There was a steady demand for the ammonia that gas works produced, but the tar was often looked upon as an inconvenient waste product. Macintosh bought all the ammonia and tar that the Glasgow works produced, using the ammonia in his establishment to produce cudbear, a dyestuff extracted from various lichens. Cudbear could be used with appropriate mordants to make shades from pink to blue. The tar could be distilled to produce naphtha, which was used as a flare. Macintosh also became interested in ironmaking. In 1825 he took out a patent for converting malleable iron into steel by taking it to white heat in a current of gas with a carbon content, such as coal gas. However, the process was not commercially successful because of the difficulty keeping the furnace gas-tight. In 1828 he assisted J.B. Neilson in bringing hot blast into use in blast furnaces; Neilson assigned Macintosh a share in the patent, which was of dubious benefit as it involved him in the tortuous litigation that surrounded the patent until 1843.In June 1823, as a result of experiments into the possible uses of naphtha obtained as a by-product of the distillation of coal tar, Macintosh patented his process for waterproofing fabric. This comprised dissolving rubber in naphtha and applying the solution to two pieces of cloth which were afterwards pressed together to form an impermeable compound fabric. After an experimental period in Glasgow, Macintosh commenced manufacture in Manchester, where he formed a partnership with H.H.Birley, B.Kirk and R.W.Barton. Birley was a cotton spinner and weaver and was looking for ways to extend the output of his cloth. He was amongst the first to light his mills with gas, so he shared a common interest with Macintosh.New buildings were erected for the production of waterproof cloth in 1824–5, but there were considerable teething troubles with the process, particularly in the spreading of the rubber solution onto the cloth. Peter Ewart helped to install the machinery, including a steam engine supplied by Boulton \& Watt, and the naphtha was supplied from Macintosh's works in Glasgow. It seems that the process was still giving difficulties when Thomas Hancock, the foremost rubber technologist of that time, became involved in 1830 and was made a partner in 1834. By 1836 the waterproof coat was being called a "mackintosh" [sic] and was gaining such popularity that the Manchester business was expanded with additional premises. Macintosh's business was gradually enlarged to include many other kinds of indiarubber products, such as rubber shoes and cushions.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFRS 1823.Further ReadingG.Macintosh, 1847, Memoir of Charles Macintosh, London (the fullest account of Charles Macintosh's life).T.Hancock, 1957, Narrative of the Indiarubber Manufacture, London.H.Schurer, 1953, "The macintosh: the paternity of an invention", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 28:77–87 (an account of the invention of the mackintosh).RLH / LRD -
14 innovation
Gen Mgtthe creation, development, and implementation of a new product, process, or service, with the aim of improving efficiency, effectiveness, or competitive advantage. Innovation may apply to products, services, manufacturing processes, managerial processes, or the design of an organization. It is most often viewed at a product, or process level, where product innovation satisfies a customer’s needs, and process innovation improves efficiency and effectiveness. Innovation is linked with creativity and the creation of new ideas, and involves taking those new ideas and turning them into reality through invention, research, and new product development. -
15 patent
1 noun∎ to take out a patent on sth prendre un brevet sur qch, faire breveter qch;∎ patent pending (on packaging) demande de brevet déposée(a) (product, procedure) breveté∎ letters patent lettres fpl patentes∎ that's a patent lie! c'est un mensonge éhonté!(of authorities) protéger par un brevet, breveter; (of inventor) faire breveter, prendre un brevet pour►► patent agent agent m en brevets;patent application demande f ou dépôt m de brevet;American patent attorney conseil m en matière de brevets;patent goods articles mpl brevetés;patent leather cuir m verni, vernis m;∎ patent leather boots bottes fpl vernies or en cuir verni;patent medicine médicament m vendu sans ordonnance; pejorative (cure-all) élixir m universel, remède m de charlatan;Patent Office ≃ Institut m national de la propriété industrielle;patent rights propriété f industrielle -
16 pioneer
1. сущ.общ. первопроходец, пионер, первооткрыватель2. прил.1) общ. первый ( исторически первый)2) общ. пионерный; новаторский (первый в своей области, не имеющий аналогов)Scotch tape was also a pioneer product in its field. — Липкая лента тоже была когда-то новаторским продуктом в своей области.
This computer game is a pioneer product in this new area. — Эта компьютерная игра является пионерным продуктом в данной области.
Pioneer companies always aim to lead the field and to offer the latest technology.
See:3. гл.общ. быть [делать что-л.\] первым, быть первооткрывателем, инициатором, новаторомto pioneer the market — первым делать что-л. на рынке
How should marketing managers in a high-tech firm decide whether to pioneer the market?
to pioneer the use of smth — первым использовать что-л.
One of the first companies to pioneer the use of the marketing concept was General Electric.
In a never-ending battle to break through the clutter, companies and their agencies will continue to pioneer new territory.
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17 Eastman, George
SUBJECT AREA: Photography, film and optics[br]b. 12 July 1854 Waterville, New York, USAd. 14 March 1932 Rochester, New York, USA[br]American industrialist and pioneer of popular photography.[br]The young Eastman was a clerk-bookkeeper in the Rochester Savings Bank when in 1877 he took up photography. Taking lessons in the wet-plate process, he became an enthusiastic amateur photographer. However, the cumbersome equipment and noxious chemicals used in the process proved an obstacle, as he said, "It seemed to be that one ought to be able to carry less than a pack-horse load." Then he came across an account of the new gelatine dry-plate process in the British Journal of Photography of March 1878. He experimented in coating glass plates with the new emulsions, and was soon so successful that he decided to go into commercial manufacture. He devised a machine to simplify the coating of the plates, and travelled to England in July 1879 to patent it. In April 1880 he prepared to begin manufacture in a rented building in Rochester, and contacted the leading American photographic supply house, E. \& H.T.Anthony, offering them an option as agents. A local whip manufacturer, Henry A.Strong, invested $1,000 in the enterprise and the Eastman Dry Plate Company was formed on 1 January 1881. Still working at the Savings Bank, he ran the business in his spare time, and demand grew for the quality product he was producing. The fledgling company survived a near disaster in 1882 when the quality of the emulsions dropped alarmingly. Eastman later discovered this was due to impurities in the gelatine used, and this led him to test all raw materials rigorously for quality. In 1884 the company became a corporation, the Eastman Dry Plate \& Film Company, and a new product was announced. Mindful of his desire to simplify photography, Eastman, with a camera maker, William H.Walker, designed a roll-holder in which the heavy glass plates were replaced by a roll of emulsion-coated paper. The holders were made in sizes suitable for most plate cameras. Eastman designed and patented a coating machine for the large-scale production of the paper film, bringing costs down dramatically, the roll-holders were acclaimed by photographers worldwide, and prizes and medals were awarded, but Eastman was still not satisfied. The next step was to incorporate the roll-holder in a smaller, hand-held camera. His first successful design was launched in June 1888: the Kodak camera. A small box camera, it held enough paper film for 100 circular exposures, and was bought ready-loaded. After the film had been exposed, the camera was returned to Eastman's factory, where the film was removed, processed and printed, and the camera reloaded. This developing and printing service was the most revolutionary part of his invention, since at that time photographers were expected to process their own photographs, which required access to a darkroom and appropriate chemicals. The Kodak camera put photography into the hands of the countless thousands who wanted photographs without complications. Eastman's marketing slogan neatly summed up the advantage: "You Press the Button, We Do the Rest." The Kodak camera was the last product in the design of which Eastman was personally involved. His company was growing rapidly, and he recruited the most talented scientists and technicians available. New products emerged regularly—notably the first commercially produced celluloid roll film for the Kodak cameras in July 1889; this material made possible the introduction of cinematography a few years later. Eastman's philosophy of simplifying photography and reducing its costs continued to influence products: for example, the introduction of the one dollar, or five shilling, Brownie camera in 1900, which put photography in the hands of almost everyone. Over the years the Eastman Kodak Company, as it now was, grew into a giant multinational corporation with manufacturing and marketing organizations throughout the world. Eastman continued to guide the company; he pursued an enlightened policy of employee welfare and profit sharing decades before this was common in industry. He made massive donations to many concerns, notably the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and supported schemes for the education of black people, dental welfare, calendar reform, music and many other causes, he withdrew from the day-to-day control of the company in 1925, and at last had time for recreation. On 14 March 1932, suffering from a painful terminal cancer and after tidying up his affairs, he shot himself through the heart, leaving a note: "To my friends: My work is done. Why wait?" Although Eastman's technical innovations were made mostly at the beginning of his career, the organization which he founded and guided in its formative years was responsible for many of the major advances in photography over the years.[br]Further ReadingC.Ackerman, 1929, George Eastman, Cambridge, Mass.B.Coe, 1973, George Eastman and the Early Photographers, London.BC -
18 patent
ˈpeɪtənt
1. прил.
1) открытый;
доступный, беспрепятственный, свободный a patent entrance ≈ открытый вход, свободный вход Syn: unobstructed
2) очевидный, явный Syn: overt, evident, obvious
3) а) патентованный;
составляющий чью-л. собственность Syn: proprietary б) разг. собственного изобретения;
оригинальный, остроумный
2. сущ.
1) а) патент (тж. амер. patient right) ;
диплом б) ист. жалованная грамота;
индульгенция patent office ≈ бюро патентов
2) право( на что-л.), получаемое благодаря патенту;
исключительное право
3) знак, признак, печать( благородства, ума, гениальности и т.д.) His hand was in itself a patent of gentility. ≈ Его рука сама по себе была признаком знатного происхождения.
4) амер. пожалование земли правительством
3. also гл.
1) а) патентовать;
брать патент( на что-л.) He patented many different modes of carrying his invention into effect. ≈ Он запатентовал множество различных способов практического воплощения своего изобретения. б) перен. быть родоначальником (чего-л.), давать начало( чему-л.)
2) выдать патент( на что-л.)
3) метал. подвергнуть процедуре закалки (в свинцовой ванне) патент, диплом - consular * консульский патент - to drant a * предоставлять патент - to receive a * получать патент - the * runs out срок патента истекает (историческое) жалованная грамота;
привилегия знак, печать право, получаемое благодаря патенту;
исключительное право - a * for an invention право на изобретение запатентованный предмет, изобретение (американизм) пожалование земли правительством (американизм) документ о пожаловании земли правительством оригинальное решение;
метод явный, очевидный - * fact очевидный факт - * crime явное преступление - to have a * way of doing smth. иметь свою манеру - the advantages of the plan are * у этого плана явные преимущества патентованный - * food патентованные продукты - letters * жалованная грамота, патент запатентованный - a * lock запатентованный замок оригинальный, остроумный, новый;
собственного изобретения - * device оригинальное изобретение открытый - a verandah * to the sun открытая для солнца веранда - one extremity of the tube is sealed, the other is * один конец трубки запечатан, другой открыт (редкое) доступный, возможный (ботаника) раскрытый общеизвестный - it is * that cats dislike dogs не секрет, что кошки не любят собак общедоступный;
общественный высшего сорта (о муке) патентовать (что-либо) ;
брать патент (на что-либо) - he *ed many inventions он запатентовал много изобретений быть оригинальным, отличаться( чем-либо) - a style *ed by Conrad стиль, характеризующий Конрада (американизм) получать право на правительственную землю( редкое) жаловать additional ~ двойной патент Community ~ патент Европейского экономического сообщества file an application for a ~ подавать заявку на патент grant a ~ выдавать патент independent ~ независимый патент issue a ~ выдавать патент letters ~ патентная грамота letters ~ публично-правовой акт пожалования прав, жалованная грамота maintain a ~ сохранять патент в силе patent брать патент ~ жалованная грамота, публично-правовой акт пожалования прав ~ запатентованный ~ знак, печать (ума, гениальности) ~ общедоступный ~ общеизвестный ~ общественный ~ оригинальный ~ открытый, явный, очевидный ~ открытый;
доступный ~ очевидный ~ патент;
диплом;
ист. жалованная грамота ~ патент ~ патентный ~ патентованный ~ патентовать;
брать патент (на что-л.) ~ патентовать ~ амер. пожалование земли правительством ~ получать право на правительственную землю ~ право (на что-л.), получаемое благодаря патенту;
исключительное право ~ привилегированный ~ привилегия ~ публичный, публично-правовой ~ собственного изобретения ~ разг. собственного изобретения;
остроумный, оригинальный ~ явный, очевидный ~ явный ~ of addition дополнительный патент ~ office бюро патентов;
patent right амер. патент right: patent ~ патентное право process ~ патент на способ product ~ патент на изделие provisional ~ временный патент refuse a ~ отказывать в выдаче патента registered ~ (reg. pat.) зарегистрированный патент revoke a ~ аннулировать патент seal a ~ регистрировать патент seal a ~ скреплять патент печатью work a ~ использовать патент -
19 hot
adjective1) heiß; (cooked) warm [Mahlzeit, Essen]; (fig.): (potentially dangerous, difficult) heiß (ugs.) [Thema, Geschichte]; ungemütlich, gefährlich [Lage]be too hot to handle — (fig.) eine zu heiße Angelegenheit sein (ugs.)
make it or things [too] hot for somebody — (fig.) jemandem die Hölle heiß machen (ugs.)
2) (feeling heat)I am/feel hot — mir ist heiß
3) (pungent) scharf [Gewürz, Senf usw.]4) (passionate, lustful) heiß [Küsse, Tränen, Umarmung]be hot for something — heiß auf etwas (Akk.) sein (ugs.)
he's really hot on her — (sexually) er ist richtig scharf auf sie (ugs.)
get [all] hot and bothered — sich [fürchterlich (ugs.)] aufregen
be hot at something — in etwas (Dat.) [ganz] groß sein (ugs.)
I'm not too hot at that — darin bin ich nicht besonders umwerfend (ugs.)
be hot on something — (knowledgeable) sich in od. mit etwas (Dat.) gut auskennen
7) (recent) noch warm [Nachrichten]this is really hot [news] — das ist wirklich das Neueste vom Neuen
8) (close)you are getting hot/are hot — (in children's games) es wird schon wärmer/[jetzt ist es] heiß
follow hot on somebody's heels — jemandem dicht auf den Fersen folgen (ugs.)
9) (coll.): (in demand) zugkräftiga hot property — (singer, actress, etc.) eine ertragreiche Zugnummer; (company, invention, etc.) eine ertragreiche Geldanlage
10) (Sport; also fig.) heiß (ugs.) [Tipp, Favorit]11) (sl.): (illegally obtained) heiß [Ware, Geld]. See also academic.ru/7680/blow">blow I 1. 2); cake 1. 1); collar 1. 1); potatoPhrasal Verbs:- hot up* * *[hot]2) (very warm: a hot day; Running makes me feel hot.) heiß3) ((of food) having a sharp, burning taste: a hot curry.) scharf4) (easily made angry: a hot temper.) hitzig5) (recent; fresh: hot news.) frisch•- hotly- hot air
- hot-blooded
- hot dog
- hotfoot
- hothead
- hotheaded
- hothouse
- hot-plate
- be in
- get into hot water
- hot up
- in hot pursuit
- like hot cakes* * *[hɒt, AM hɑ:t]I. adj<- tt->1. (temperature) heißshe was \hot ihr war heiß2. (spicy) food scharfto be \hot with rage vor Wut kochento have a \hot temper leicht erregbar sein4. (close)the gang drove off with the police in \hot pursuit die Bande fuhr davon mit der Polizei dicht auf den Fersenyou're getting \hot (in guessing game) wärmermy Spanish is not all that \hot mein Spanisch ist nicht gerade umwerfend famhe's Hollywood's \hottest actor er ist Hollywoods begehrtester SchauspielerI don't feel so \hot mir geht es nicht so besonders famto be \hot stuff absolute Spitze sein fam\hot tip heißer Tipp famto be \hot on punctuality übertrieben großen Wert auf Pünktlichkeit legento be \hot for travel/skiing leidenschaftlich gern reisen/Ski fahrenthe mafia were making it too \hot for them die Mafia machte ihnen die Hölle heiß fam\hot romance leidenschaftliche Liebesaffäre\hot gossip das Allerneueste11.▶ sb goes \hot and cold jdn überläuft es heiß und kalt▶ \hot off the presses druckfrischII. vt<- tt->to \hot up a car's engine hochschaltento \hot up a party eine Party in Schwung bringento \hot up the speed das Tempo steigernIII. vi<- tt->IV. n▶ to have the \hots for sb scharf auf jdn sein sl* * *[hɒt]1. adj (+er)1) heiß; meal, tap, drink warmin the hot weather — bei dem heißen Wetter, wenn es so heiß ist
the room was hot — in dem Zimmer war es heiß
5) (inf: in demand) product zugkräftig... are totally hot this season —... sind momentan total in (inf)
6) (inf: good, competent) stark (inf)7) (fig)or favorite (US) — hoch favorisiert sein, der große Favorit sein
the latest designs hot from Milan — die neuesten Entwürfe, gerade aus Mailand eingetroffen
she has a hot temper — sie braust leicht auf, sie hat ein hitziges Wesen
it's too hot to handle (political issue, in journalism) — das ist ein heißes Eisen
that's a hot button, that hits a hot button (US) — das ist ein heißes Eisen
to get into hot water — in Schwulitäten kommen (inf), in (des) Teufels Küche kommen (inf)
to feel hot and bothered (inf) — ins Schwitzen kommen (inf)
I went hot and cold all over ( inf, with emotion ) — mir wurde es ganz anders
things started getting hot in the tenth round (inf) — in der zehnten Runde wurde es langsam spannend or gings los (inf)
to make things too hot for sb (inf) — jdm die Hölle heißmachen (inf), jdm einheizen (inf)
that girl's smoking hot ( US sl ) — die Frau ist voll scharf (inf)
See:→ trail2. adv (+er)3. n* * *A adj (adv hotly)2. warm, heiß (Speisen):hot meal warme Mahlzeit;hot and hot ganz heiß, direkt vom Feuer3. erhitzt, heiß:I am hot mir ist heiß;I went hot and cold es überlief mich heiß und kalt4. a) scharf (Gewürze)b) scharf gewürzt (Gericht etc)5. heiß, hitzig, heftig, erbittert (Kampf etc):hot words heftige Worte;6. leidenschaftlich, feurig:a hot temper ein hitziges Temperament;a hot patriot ein glühender Patriot;7. a) wütend, erbostb) aufgeregt:get hot and bothered sich aufregen8. heiß umg:a) ZOOL brünstigb) umg spitz, geil9. heiß (im Suchspiel):you’re getting hot(ter)!a) es wird schon heißer!,b) fig du kommst der Sache schon näher!10. ganz neu oder frisch, noch warm:11. umga) toll, großartig:it (he) is not so hot es (er) ist nicht so toll;b) heiß, vielversprechend (Tipp):13. umg ungemütlich, gefährlich:make it hot for sb jemandem die Hölle heißmachen, jemandem gründlich einheizen (beide umg);the place was getting too hot for him ihm wurde der Boden zu heiß (unter den Füßen);be in hot water in Schwulitäten sein umg, Ärger oder Schwierigkeiten haben (besonders mit einer Behörde);a) jemanden in Schwulitäten bringen,b) in Schwulitäten kommen, Ärger oder Schwierigkeiten kriegen;get into hot water with sb es mit jemandem zu tun kriegen;a) wütend, erbost,b) aufgeregt,c) verlegen14. umga) heiß (gestohlen, geschmuggelt etc):b) (von der Polizei) gesucht17. TECH, ELEK Heiß…, Warm…, Glüh…B adv heiß:get it hot (and strong) umg eins auf den Deckel kriegen;give it hot (and strong) to sb umg jemandem gründlich einheizen, jemandem die Hölle heißmachen; → blow1 B 1, run C 17, track A 1, trail C 4C v/ta) fig an-, aufheizen:hot up the pace SPORT aufs Tempo drücken; aufdrehenb) Schwung bringen in (akk)c) ein Auto, einen Motor frisieren, aufmotzenD v/ib) schwungvoller werden:things hotted up es kam Schwung in die Sache* * *adjective1) heiß; (cooked) warm [Mahlzeit, Essen]; (fig.): (potentially dangerous, difficult) heiß (ugs.) [Thema, Geschichte]; ungemütlich, gefährlich [Lage]be too hot to handle — (fig.) eine zu heiße Angelegenheit sein (ugs.)
make it or things [too] hot for somebody — (fig.) jemandem die Hölle heiß machen (ugs.)
I am/feel hot — mir ist heiß
3) (pungent) scharf [Gewürz, Senf usw.]4) (passionate, lustful) heiß [Küsse, Tränen, Umarmung]be hot for something — heiß auf etwas (Akk.) sein (ugs.)
he's really hot on her — (sexually) er ist richtig scharf auf sie (ugs.)
5) (agitated, angry) hitzigget [all] hot and bothered — sich [fürchterlich (ugs.)] aufregen
be hot at something — in etwas (Dat.) [ganz] groß sein (ugs.)
be hot on something — (knowledgeable) sich in od. mit etwas (Dat.) gut auskennen
7) (recent) noch warm [Nachrichten]this is really hot [news] — das ist wirklich das Neueste vom Neuen
8) (close)you are getting hot/are hot — (in children's games) es wird schon wärmer/[jetzt ist es] heiß
9) (coll.): (in demand) zugkräftiga hot property — (singer, actress, etc.) eine ertragreiche Zugnummer; (company, invention, etc.) eine ertragreiche Geldanlage
10) (Sport; also fig.) heiß (ugs.) [Tipp, Favorit]11) (sl.): (illegally obtained) heiß [Ware, Geld]. See also blow I 1. 2); cake 1. 1); collar 1. 1); potatoPhrasal Verbs:- hot up* * *adj.heiß adj.scharf adj.scharf gewürzt adj.warm adj. expr.echt geil* ausdr. -
20 patent
Mktga type of copyright granted as a fixed-term monopoly to an inventor by the state to prevent others copying an invention, or improvement of a product or process.The granting of a patent requires the publication of full details of the invention or improvement but the use of the patented information is restricted to the patent holder or any organizations licensed by them.A patent’s value is usually the sum of its development costs, or its purchase price if acquired from someone else. It is generally to a company’s advantage to spread the patent’s value over several years. If this is the case, the critical time period to consider is not the full life of the patent (17 years in the United States), but its estimated useful life.For example, in January 2000 a company acquired a patent issued in January 1995 at a cost of $100,000. It concludes that the patent’s useful commercial life is 10 years, not the 12 remaining before the patent expires. In turn, patent value would be $100,000, and it would be spread (or amortized in accounting terms) over 10 years, or $10,000 each year.
См. также в других словарях:
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invention — In patent law, the act or operation of finding out something new; the process of contriving and producing something not previously known or existing, by the exercise of independent investigation and experiment. Also the article or contrivance or… … Black's law dictionary
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